You know that your credit score is one of the most important bits of financial information about you.
Where you fall on the credit score scale is often considered to be a way of determining what kind of person you are when it comes to managing your money.
Lenders – and plenty of others – use your position on the credit score scale to make decisions about how they will treat you in regard to money matters.
The only problem is that many of us don’t know our credit score.
And when you head to one of those websites to get your “free credit score,” it’s really not free, and it’s not your real credit score, it probably makes you pretty frustrated.
I found this out the hard way when I was trying to find my real FICO® Score.
If you’re just as confused as I was, here’s a quick look at determining your credit score scale.
What is the Credit Score Scale?
When most of us think of credit scoring, we think of FICO® Score, put out by the Fair Isaac Corporation.
This credit score ranges between 300 and 850, with 300 representing the lowest possible credit score.
However, it is important to realize that this is not the only credit score available.
Other companies use variations of FICO’s formula to create their own scores. Additionally, there are companies out there that have created their own credit score scale altogether. However, for the most part, you are likely to run into some version of credit scoring that uses a model similar to the FICO® Score. (Non-FICO® Scores are commonly referred to as FAKO scores, but they can have some use which I’ll explain in a moment.)
The point of the credit score scale is to allow lenders and other financial service providers (like insurance agents) to immediately ascertain whether or not you are a credit risk. If you have a low credit score, then service providers, like cell phone companies – and even a potential employer – might make assumptions that your level of financial responsibility is low, and that you might prove irresponsible in other areas as well. Clearly, lenders view a low credit score as something that increases the chance that they won’t be repaid the money they lend.
Your position on the credit score scale is usually calculated by using a formula that takes into account the following information (and I included how much emphasis your FICO® Score places on each):
- 35% – Payment history on loans and credit cards
- 30% – How much of your available credit you are using
- 15% – Length of your credit history
- 10% – Recent credit inquiries
- 10% – The types of debt/credit you have
It is important to realize that, even though lenders see your credit score as a big piece of the puzzle, they may also look at other items – such as your income and your employment history – when making a decision.
FAKO vs. FICO® Scores
Your FICO® Score is the one that everyone wants to know: home mortgage lenders, the car loan officer at your credit union, and even your car insurance company looks at some variation of your FICO® Score. Unfortunately, you have to purchase access to your FICO® Score from myFICO unless you apply for a loan and can get the lender to tell you what your score was.
That having been said, keeping track of your FAKO score can still be beneficial. It won’t be as accurate as the FICO score your lender is looking at, but you can track the ups and downs of your credit score by using a FAKO score. Any significant increases or decreases in that credit score would be an indicator to check things out on your FICO® Score.
The most popular FAKO scores include: VantageScore® (a partnership among all three credit bureaus that scores on a 500 to 900 scale), TransUnion’s TransRisk (scored on a 300 to 850 scale), Equifax’s Score Card (scored on a 280 to 850 scale), and Experian’s Scorex PLUS(SM) (scored on a 360 to 840 scale).
As you can see there are several popular FAKO scores and several credit score ranges. This can lead to a lot of confusion as you try to keep track of your score and determine whether or not you have a good credit score.
What is a Good Credit Score Range?
For the most part, a good FICO® Score depends on the current market conditions. Prior to the financial crisis, a 680 was considered good enough to get a good interest rate on many loans. Now, many lenders want to see a score of at least 720 to offer you the best deal.
Generally, though, a credit score below 600 is considered quite poor. If you score between 650 and 699, you are considered to be in the fair to good range. Some won’t have a problem with you when you have a score of between 620 and 700, but you probably won’t be offered the best terms.
A good credit score can mean more than just a good interest rate on a loan: it can also lead to lower insurance premiums and the ability to qualify to move into a better rental.
A good FAKO credit score varies based on the score you are using. Each score has its own scale which can make comparing it to a FICO® Score challenging. It still holds true that the higher the number, the better your score is. Most of the FAKO credit scores will show you their version of your credit score on a scale in order to show where you fall in the range of poor to excellent credit.
How to Monitor Your Credit Score
So I’ve convinced you that keeping track of this number is important? Great!
I bet you’re thinking: “But wait . . . what exactly is the best way to track my credit?”
Don’t worry. I’m going to make this as easy as possible for you.
Free Resource #1: AnnualCreditReport.com
Getting a copy of your credit report used to be difficult. Now it is easy as a few clicks of your browser thanks to the government. The government forced the three credit bureaus to give consumers access to a free credit report from each bureau once every 365 days through a website called AnnualCreditReport.com.
This is just your credit report. When you log in you won’t be able to see your full credit score. However, this is a great starting point because you can look for errors or unfamiliar accounts that might indicate identity theft.
Always start by checking one of your reports at AnnualCreditReport.com.
Free Resource #2: Companies That Monitor FAKO Scores for You
With so many popular FAKO credit scores out there, it can be difficult to keep tabs on them. Yet having a snapshot of the ups and down of your credit report – even if it isn’t a FICO® Score that a lender will look at – is a good thing.
My two favorite companies to track my scores are Credit Karma and Credit Sesame. Each company will track a credit score for you absolutely free. Unlike other websites that say they are “free” but hit you with monthly membership fees, Credit Karma and Credit Sesame are both absolutely free. (They make money in other ways like offering you a better deal on your mortgage or credit card.)
Here’s a quick comparison of the two:
- They are both free to join.
- They both offer a free credit score.
- Credit Karma offers access to three different scores: TransUnion’s TransRisk, VantageScore®, and an auto insurer score.
- Credit Sesame offers access to Experian’s Scorex PLUS(SM) credit score.
- Credit Karma lets you update your score daily.
- Credit Sesame does the update monthly.
Either company is a great place to start, but Credit Karma seems to have more options. Whichever route you go being able to keep track of the ups and downs of your credit score is a smart financial move. (Or better yet use both services since they are free and track two different versions of your score each month.)
How to Improve Your Credit Score
Okay, if you just checked your credit score and discovered that it stinks, don’t worry . . . there’s hope!
There are a lot of ways you can improve your credit score, and I’m going to show you what works. So don’t freak out. Please.
I would recommend that you make a checklist from this list of tips and systematically check them off as you complete them. Don’t leave anything out. All of these tips may help your situation, so raise your chances of improving your credit score and try them all.
Let’s begin!
1. Get a secured credit card.
A previous intern of mine, Kevin, once had absolutely no clue what his credit score was and had a few lessons to learn.
One of those lessons was that with bad credit, it’s really difficult to get a credit card. In fact, none of the banks he applied with for a credit card allowed him to have one.
But then he got a tip. He was told to get a secured credit card.
A secured credit card has terms that favor the lender much more than the borrower, but the results were astounding.
Kevin, in an article he wrote for GoodFinancialCents.com, explained that secured credit cards are like traditional credit cards, except you have to make a deposit. That deposit is usually the same as your credit limit.
Whoa. Wait a minute. Isn’t that money you can just spend?
No, it’s money that is on deposit should you default on the secured credit card. Now the “secured” part makes sense, doesn’t it?
There are some other details regarding secured credit cards, but for the most part, it’s a great way to build up your credit history – and thus help your credit score.
Using this method and making other smart choices, Kevin showed us how it’s possible to raise a credit score over 110 points in less than five months.
2. Look at and dispute errors on your credit report.
Remember how I showed you how you can look up your credit report earlier in the article? I showed you because it’s important to regularly check your credit report for errors.
These errors can actually be disputed with the credit bureau, so if you do find an error, take advantage of the opportunity to have them correct it.
Sometimes, it’s these errors that are lowering credit scores, so resolving these errors may lead to a better credit score. However, errors are probably not as common as you might hope if you have a poor credit score, so while it’s good to check for errors, don’t give your hopes up thinking this is the best solution for you.
3. Make your credit payments on time.
This is a huge part of your credit score. Remember, I said above that payment history has to do with 35% of your FICO® Score, so make sure you always pay on time.
How do you do that? Well, there are a couple of techniques.
YouNeedABudget.com believes you should “age your money.” A practical way to do this is to spend this month’s income next month (or spend last month’s income this month, either way).
How can this help you? Well . . . .
If you’ve ever been in the situation where you can’t pay a bill because you didn’t have the money available to you yet (let’s say you get paid on the 15th but the bill comes on the 12th), you can probably immediately see how this will help you.
By having a money buffer (spending your income much later than you receive it) you’ll be able to make your credit payments when they are due.
But there’s another reason why people don’t make their credit payments: they simply forget!
That’s why it’s a good idea to set up a reminder system to ensure you can’t forget about the bills you have to pay. Do you really think you can remember all of those bills? Of course not! Make sure to have a system in place that works for you.
If you still can’t make your credit payments on time, talk with your creditors to see if you can work out a deal. Perhaps you can lower your payments. Perhaps you can change the payment date. Try whatever you reasonably can to work out a deal so you can start paying on time and transition into good standing with the institutions.
4. Keep your credit card balances on the down low. Literally.
If you have a lot of outstanding debt, that can negatively affect your credit score. Besides, it’s pretty stressful anyway!
One way to keep your credit card balances low is to pay off your debt in a timely manner. Don’t rack up credit card debt. Make sure when you spend money with a credit card, you can actually pay it off at the end of your billing cycle.
Are you taking notes? You should be!
Listen, credit card debt – especially credit card debt that has gotten out of control – can feel pretty crushing. If you’re going to use credit cards, use them responsibility (yes, sort of like alcohol).
If you already have a high amount of debt, you’re going to have to start paying it off. There are some online tools designed to help you pay off debt – use them (some of them were already mentioned in this article).
Also, I have a lot of articles regarding getting out of debt. Find a few articles relevant to your situation and make a determined effort to reduce your debt as much as possible.
5. Don’t increase your available credit by opening a bunch of new cards.
You might think to yourself: “You know, if I open up some new cards, I might be able to increase my available credit – thus making what I owe look like peanuts.”
Yeah, it’s a clever idea, but it can actually backfire and lower your credit score. Tricks like these are normally accounted for in the calculation, so thinking that you can fool your way through the system is a bad idea.
6. Be smart and take things slow and steady.
Yeah, there are some pretty fast ways to raise your credit score. But you know what? The best strategy is to just make smart choices and take things slow and steady.
By improving your finances as a whole, and making sure you don’t entirely avoid the use of credit, you can get – and maintain – a great credit score.
You see, you need to approach the problem of your poor credit score from a long-term perspective. You might not have the stellar results that Kevin, my former intern, achieved. That’s okay!
Let’s do a quick review of FICO® Score factors that matter (and how they are weighted) . . . .
Remember that 35% of your FICO® Score depends on your payment history on loans and credit cards. Also recall that 30% of your FICO® Score depends on how much of your available credit you are using.
These make up the majority of the factors. So, as you can see, these are largely linked to behaving properly with credit – paying properly and not maxing out your credit cards (for example).
The length of your credit history (15%) is something you really can’t do anything about (unless you don’t have a credit history yet and need to start one). Recent credit inquiries might be something you can affect going forward, but it’s not a huge part of your FICO® Score (at 10%). And, the types of debt/credit you have counts for a measly 10% as well.
Concluding Thoughts
Where you fall on the credit score scale matters in a few ways.
However, if you have a poor credit score, please don’t let that get you down.
Remember that there is a lot more to financial health than where you land on the credit score scale. While having a good credit score allows you to sign up for more services and get better discounts, it’s not the end of the world if your credit score stinks.
Think about it. You can still buy things. You can still work hard for your money. You can still function in society. While there may be some financial obstacles to overcome with a poor credit score, it’s not going to destroy you.
Let’s highlight two of the key takeaways from this article:
- Monitor your credit report and score – This will help you understand how you’re doing with your credit score over time and it will allow you to spot credit report errors so you can correct them (try out Credit Karma or Credit Sesame).
- Work to improve your credit score – You don’t have to settle for a poor credit score. Remember to focus on making your payments on time and try out a secured credit card.
By monitoring and improving your credit score, you’ll discover better access to credit. It’s not always an easy road, but it’s worthwhile. Which steps are you going to take today to get on a better path? Take them!
The post Credit Score Scale: What is a Good Credit Score? appeared first on Good Financial Cents.
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